Analytical instruments is the foundation of our country science and technology, economic and social sustainable development, whether in the industrial process control, agricultural facilities, biomedical, environmental control, food safety and aerospace, national defense engineering, etc, are in urgent need of all kinds of new sensors as a source of information to absorb the miniaturization, specialty, Jane, the family of a new generation of analytical instruments, more sensitive, more accurate, faster, more reliable real-time detection, in order to quickly change the backward condition of analytical instruments in China.
As modern science and technology at the forefront of technology of sensor and sensor industry is recognized at home and abroad with the future high technology industry development, it with its high technical content, good economic benefit and penetration ability, wide prospect of market characteristics such as attracting the attention from the world.
For decades, the development of sensor technology has been promoted based on microelectronic technology. The cross-integration of multidisciplinary and high-tech technologies has promoted the birth and development of new generation of sensors. For example, China's focus on the development of MEMS, MOMES, smart sensors and biological chemical sensors, and the future will develop the network of sensors, nanometer sensor are multidisciplinary fusion technology, a variety of disciplines cross of a new generation of sensors.
The miniaturization is based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and has been successfully used to form silicon pressure sensors (such as the EJX transmitter) on silicon devices. Microelectronics mechanical processing technology, including body micro machining and surface micro machining technology, journalist on technology (deep X-ray lithography, micro electroforming and micro replication technology), laser micro processing technology and micro encapsulation technology, etc.
The development of MEMS has improved the microscale, intellectualization, multi-functionalization and reliability of sensors to new heights. Sensor testing instrument, on the basis of microelectronics technology, the built-in microprocessor, or the micro sensors and microprocessor and related integrated circuit (operational amplifier, A/D or D/A, memory, network communication interface circuit) such as encapsulated together to complete the digital, intelligent, networked, systematic. (note: MEMS technology has completed the micro motors or actuators, and other products, will introduce the other composition) network aspect, at present is mainly refers to use a variety of field bus and Ethernet (Internet), it shall be according to the characteristics of various industries, select one or more of these, the most popular in recent years have FF, Profibus, CAN, Lonworks, the AS - Interbus, TCP/IP, etc.
Besides MEMS, a new type of sensor is sensitive to also depends on the development of new materials, sensitive components and nanotechnology, such as a new generation of optical fiber sensor, a superconducting sensors, display the infrared focal plane detector, biological sensors, nanometer sensor, a new type of quantum sensor and the micro gyro, networked sensors, smart sensors and fuzzy sensor, multifunction sensor, etc.
Multi-sensor data fusion technology is hot spot formation, is different from general signal processing, it is also different from single or multiple sensor monitoring and measurement, but the measurement results based on multiple sensors on the basis of a higher level of comprehensive decision-making process. Given degree of miniaturization and intelligent sensor technology improved, on the basis of access to information, a variety of functions further integration so that the fusion, which is the inevitable trend, the multi-sensor data fusion technology has also promoted the development of sensor technology.
Multi-sensor data fusion: the definition of the distribution in different locations more similar or not similar sensor provided by the local data resources are integrated, using computer technology to analyze it, eliminate the multi-sensor information may exist between the redundancy and contradiction, to complement each other, reduce its authenticity, obtain the consistency of interpretation and description object, thus improve the quickness and the correctness of system decision-making, planning, reaction, make the system get more sufficient information. Information fusion occurs at different information levels, including data layer (pixel layer) fusion, feature layer fusion, decision layer (evidence layer) integration. Since it has the following advantages: fault tolerance, complementarity, real time and economy, it is gradually applied. In addition to military applications, applications have been applied to automation technologies, robots, Marine surveillance, seismic observation, construction, air traffic control, medical diagnosis, remote sensing technology and so on.
In recent years, the sensor is in the development stage of transition to new sensor. The characteristics of the new type of sensor is miniaturization, digital, intelligent, multi-functional, systematic and network, it not only promote the transformation of traditional industries, and can lead to new industry, is a new economic growth point in the 21st century.
